A new European study contacted in the framework of the SMART project reveals that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) across Europe are not yet fully prepared to adopt Artificial Intelligence (AI), despite growing awareness of its potential.
The research, carried out in Norway, Italy, Lithuania, Greece, and Spain, highlights a significant gap between the skills companies currently have and those required to succeed in the emerging Industry 5.0 era.
AI Awareness is Growing
While many SMEs are already using digital tools and experimenting with AI, the study shows that most applications remain at an early stage. In many cases, AI is used only in pilot projects and has not yet been fully integrated into core business operations.
This suggests that European SMEs are in a transition phase, where interest in AI is high but the ability to apply it effectively is still developing.
The Real Challenge is Not Technology
One of the most important findings of the study is that the main barriers to AI adoption are not technological.
Instead, companies face challenges such as limited resources, outdated systems, lack of quality data, and resistance to change within organisations. These factors slow down innovation and make it difficult for SMEs to move beyond experimentation.
At the same time, the research identifies critical gaps in key areas such as strategic thinking, ethical use of AI, digital risk management, and leadership skills.
A Shift in Skills is Needed
The study highlights that success in Industry 5.0 requires more than technical expertise. Companies need professionals who can understand complex systems, make strategic decisions, and ensure that AI is used responsibly.
This reflects a broader shift in the labour market, where human-centred, interdisciplinary skills are becoming increasingly important.
SMEs Call for Practical Training and Support
Across all participating countries, SMEs expressed a clear need for:
- practical, hands-on training
- real business examples
- simple and accessible learning materials
- support in decision-making and implementation
The findings suggest that traditional training approaches are no longer sufficient. Instead, SMEs require flexible and applied learning opportunities that directly address their everyday challenges.
SMART Project: Supporting the Transition to Industry 5.0
The study was conducted within the framework of the SMART project, which aims to support SMEs in adapting to the digital transformation and the transition to Industry 5.0.
Based on these findings, the project is developing targeted training programmes that combine technical, strategic, and ethical dimensions of AI, with a strong focus on real business need.
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